Spain's Renewable Hydrogen Potential and Challenges in Industrial Decarbonization
Miguel Angel Fernandez, head of the National Hydrogen Center (CNH2), emphasized Spain's proactive engagement in renewable hydrogen development during theEconomistas inaugural Business Forum. Spain currently hosts one in five global hydrogen projects, positioning itself as a leader in this innovative energy sector. Fernandez highlighted that Spain has been dedicated exclusively to hydrogen research for the past 15 years, indicating a strong national commitment.
He stressed that hydrogen technology is no longer a future concept but a pressing reality. This shift is driven by geopolitical instabilities like the Ukraine conflict and the COVID-19 pandemic, which have destabilized fossil fuel markets and accelerated the adoption of renewable energies. Fernandez underscored that the evolution of hydrogen surpasses even the most optimistic forecasts, making it vital as part of the industrial decarbonization agenda.
However, Fernandez acknowledged significant short-term barriers. Cost competitiveness remains an issue since current hydrogen prices are high. Achieving economies of scale, optimizing equipment, and scaling production are essential steps towards affordability. Additionally, supply chain issues, including wait times for electrolyzers and semiconductor shortages, pose hurdles. Still, Fernandez was hopeful that within the medium term, Spain can address these bottlenecks through industrial reconversion and technological advancements.
Another critical challenge involves establishing a viable demand and value chain for hydrogen. While generation is progressing, identifying and stimulating customer demand is crucial to ensure economic viability. Regulatory frameworks that provide legal security and workforce development also need urgent attention, given the sectors rapid growth and current skills gap. Partnerships with educational institutions could facilitate the availability of specialized talent.
Looking further ahead, Fernandez identified logistic challenges for hydrogen transportation, whether through pipelines, ships, or natural gas infrastructure. In mobility, the path is uncertain whether hydrogen will primarily replace fuels in heavy transport or also in passenger vehicles. Of particular interest is its potential application in aeronautics, where Fernandez envisions future aircraft powered with liquid hydrogen, significantly reducing emissions.
Despite these challenges, Fernandez maintained an optimistic outlook, emphasizing that hydrogen is an urgent priority and a key to sustainable industrial and transportation sectors. He reinforced that the current moment is the time to intensify efforts, innovate, and scale up, asserting that hydrogen is not a distant future but a present opportunity for a cleaner, more resilient energy landscape.